Abstract
Recent advances in pore-scale simulations have revolutionized the understanding of heat and fluid flow in porous media. This chapter reviews key methodologies—Direct Numerical Simulation (DNS), Pore Network Modeling (PNM), and Lattice Boltzmann Method (LBM)—balancing accuracy and computational efficiency. It explores transport phenomena like multiphase flow, heat transfer, and reactive transport, alongside geometry reconstruction techniques. Applications in enhanced oil recovery, carbon sequestration, fuel cells, and filtration demonstrate the method’s versatility. Emerging trends, including hybrid models and machine learning, highlight the field’s potential to address complex engineering challenges. This synthesis provides a foundation for optimizing porous media systems across energy and environmental domains.