New Record Ocean Temperatures and Related Climate Indicators in 2023

Lijing Cheng; John Abraham; Kevin E. Trenberth; Tim Boyer; Michael E. Mann; Jiang Zhu; Fan Wang; Fujiang Yu; Ricardo Locarnini; John Fasullo; Fei Zheng; Yuanlong Li; Bin Zhang; Liying Wan; Xingrong Chen; Dakui Wang; Licheng Feng; Xiangzhou Song; Yulong Liu; Franco Reseghetti; Simona Simoncelli; Viktor Gouretski; Gengxin Chen; Alexey Mishonov; Jim Reagan; Karina Von Schuckmann; Yuying Pan; Zhetao Tan; Yujing Zhu; Wangxu Wei; Guancheng Li; Qiuping Ren; Lijuan Cao; Yayang Lu; University Corporation for Atmospheric Research (UCAR), Boulder, CO (United States)

doi:10.1007/s00376-024-3378-5

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New Record Ocean Temperatures and Related Climate Indicators in 2023

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New Record Ocean Temperatures and Related Climate Indicators in 2023

Lijing Cheng, John Abraham, Kevin E. Trenberth, Tim Boyer, Michael E. Mann, Jiang Zhu, Fan Wang, Fujiang Yu, Ricardo Locarnini, John Fasullo, …

Advances in atmospheric sciences

01/11/2024

DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00376-024-3378-5

Abstract

Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences

Physical Sciences

Science & Technology

The global physical and biogeochemical environment has been substantially altered in response to increased atmospheric greenhouse gases from human activities. In 2023, the sea surface temperature (SST) and upper 2000 m ocean heat content (OHC) reached record highs. The 0-2000 m OHC in 2023 exceeded that of 2022 by 15 +/- 10 ZJ (1 Zetta Joules = 10(21) Joules) (updated IAP/CAS data); 9 +/- 5 ZJ (NCEI/NOAA data). The Tropical Atlantic Ocean, the Mediterranean Sea, and southern oceans recorded their highest OHC observed since the 1950s. Associated with the onset of a strong El Nino, the global SST reached its record high in 2023 with an annual mean of similar to 0.23 degrees C higher than 2022 and an astounding > 0.3 degrees C above 2022 values for the second half of 2023. The density stratification and spatial temperature inhomogeneity indexes reached their highest values in 2023.

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Title: New Record Ocean Temperatures and Related Climate Indicators in 2023
Author/Creator: Lijing Cheng - Institute of Atmospheric Physics
John Abraham - University of St. Thomas - Minnesota
Kevin E. Trenberth - National Center for Atmospheric Research
Tim Boyer - NOAA National Centers for Environmental Information
Michael E. Mann - University of Pennsylvania
Jiang Zhu - University of St. Thomas - Minnesota
Fan Wang - Institute of Oceanology
Fujiang Yu - National Marine Environmental Forecasting Center
Ricardo Locarnini - NOAA National Centers for Environmental Information
John Fasullo - National Center for Atmospheric Research
Fei Zheng - Institute of Atmospheric Physics
Yuanlong Li - Institute of Oceanology
Bin Zhang - Institute of Oceanology
Liying Wan - Minist Nat Resources, Natl Marine Environm Forecasting Ctr, Beijing 100081, Peoples R China
Xingrong Chen - National Marine Environmental Forecasting Center
Dakui Wang - National Marine Environmental Forecasting Center
Licheng Feng - Minist Nat Resources, Natl Marine Environm Forecasting Ctr, Beijing 100081, Peoples R China
Xiangzhou Song - Hohai University
Yulong Liu - Shandong Marine Resource and Environment Research Institute
Franco Reseghetti - National Agency for New Technologies, Energy and Sustainable Economic Development
Simona Simoncelli - Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia
Viktor Gouretski - Institute of Atmospheric Physics
Gengxin Chen - South China Sea Institute Of Oceanology
Alexey Mishonov - NOAA National Centers for Environmental Information
Jim Reagan - NOAA National Centers for Environmental Information
Karina Von Schuckmann - Mercator Ocean
Yuying Pan - Institute of Atmospheric Physics
Zhetao Tan - Institute of Atmospheric Physics
Yujing Zhu - Chinese Acad Sci, Inst Atmospher Phys, Int Ctr Climate & Environm Sci, Beijing 100029, Peoples R China
Wangxu Wei - Institute of Atmospheric Physics
Guancheng Li - Ministry of Ecology and Environment
Qiuping Ren - Institute of Oceanology
Lijuan Cao - China Meteorological Administration
Yayang Lu - Beijing Institute of Big Data Research
University Corporation for Atmospheric Research (UCAR), Boulder, CO (United States)
Publication Details: Advances in atmospheric sciences
Publisher: Science Press
Number of pages: 15
Grant note: 42149910 / NSFC; National Natural Science Foundation of China (NSFC) DAMO Academy Young Fellow Chinese Academy of Sciences US National Science Foundation; National Science Foundation (NSF) National Key Scientific and Technological Infrastructure project "Earth System Science Numerical Simulator Facility" (EarthLab) Young Talent Support Project of Guangzhou Association for Science and Technology IA 1947282 / Regional and Global Model Analysis (RGMA) component of the Earth and Environmental System Modeling Program of the U.S. Department of Energy's Office of Biological & Environmental Research (BER) via National Science Foundation NA19NES4320002 / NOAA; National Oceanic Atmospheric Admin (NOAA) - USA 80NSSC17K0565; 80NSSC21K1191; 80NSSC22K0046 / NASA; National Aeronautics & Space Administration (NASA) 42076202; 42122046; 42261134536 / National Natural Science Foundation of China; National Natural Science Foundation of China (NSFC) New Cornerstone Science Foundation Youth Innovation Promotion Association Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV); Istituto Nazionale Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
Academic Unit: Mechanical Engineering; School of Engineering
Language: English
Resource Type: Journal article
Record Identifier: 991015184545403691