Abstract
Neuromodulation therapies rely on precisely controlled electrical stimulation waveforms to achieve therapeutic effects. However, existing stimulation systems often lack flexibility, are cost-prohibitive, or are limited in their ability to generate arbitrary waveforms. This work presents a fully programmable, low-cost neuromodulation system capable of generating complex, user-defined stimulation patterns. The system features independent control of waveform parameters, including amplitude, pulse width, frequency, and shape, enabling the creation of both standard and non-traditional stimulation profiles. Designed for versatility, the system supports monophasic, biphasic, and arbitrary waveforms with balanced or unbalanced charge delivery. We validate the system's performance through benchtop characterization and in vitro testing, demonstrating its accuracy and reliability in generating a wide range of waveforms. Potential applications include tethered animal studies and basic neuromodulation research on nerve response. By providing an open-source, accessible tool, this work aims to advance neuromodulation research.Clinical Relevance- The neuromodulation system described in this work provides a flexible, low-cost solution for generating complex stimulation waveforms, which has significant implications for both research and clinical applications. By allowing precise control over waveform parameters-including amplitude, pulse width, and shape-this system can be used to investigate neural responses to various stimulation paradigms, aiding in the optimization of neuromodulation therapies. By providing an open-source, customizable tool, this system democratizes access to advanced neuromodulation technology, facilitating innovation in preclinical studies.