Abstract
This article examines the interaction of internal law, its framing of industry practices, and the result when international law requires changes. The widely varying role of the pharmaceutical industry in each of the two countries examined – Brazil and India - results from the way in which domestic law and industry response shaped the competitive foundations of their firms. This study also examines the role of international competition and its affects on internal efforts to satisfy both social and economic goals. The contrast between these countries provides research direction for intellectual property law and business strategy research.