Abstract
The practice of removing American Indian Children from their families, relatives, and communities and placing them in foster care with or adoption by White families is an ongoing problem despite the enactment of the 1978 Indian Child Welfare Act (ICWA). The purpose of this systematic study is to analyze previous research, examine effective interventions and explore what child welfare system changes and practices must occur to reduce disproportionality of American Indian Children in foster care. Research shows possible causes and contributing factors across the United States, however, no well-founded research definitively validates the reasons. To further understand this chronic social issue, the study will look at what other countries like Canada or Australia, who also experience this social problem, and learn from their research what interventions have been implemented to decrease disproportionality and disparities of Indigenous children in out of home placement.