Abstract
This pilot study examined the relationship between group heart rate variability (HRV) biofeedback training, positive and negative affect, and self-regulation ability in a sample of individuals participating in group psychotherapy for trauma in the context of an Intensive Outpatient Program (IOP). This study also assessed the utility and feasibility of a group biofeedback intervention for those participating in the psychotherapy group. Participants (N=7) participated in an adjunct group biofeedback session each week they participated in the group. Participants completed measures of positive and negative affect and emotion regulation skills every week of participation. Participants also completed an anonymous, open-ended qualitative survey at the end of study participation. It was hypothesized that individuals in the group would experience statistically reliable change in negative affect and self-regulation. Qualitative information was obtained from participants regarding their experience of the intervention. Quantitative data was analyzed using the Reliable Change Index (RCI). RCI data revealed that 3 of the 7 participants experienced reliable increase in positive affect, 3 experienced a reliable decrease in negative affect, and 4 experienced a reliable increase in emotion regulation skills from their initial measurement to their last measurement. Qualitative data is reported as verbatim participant responses. Qualitative responses were largely supportive of the utility and feasibility of this intervention. Results of this study warrant a further exploration of group biofeedback interventions for trauma populations. Strengths and limitations, alternative explanations of the findings, recommendations for future research, and clinical implications are discussed.