Abstract
Deo (Lehigh Univ.) and McDuie-Ra (Univ. of New South Wales, Australia) argue that existing theories of collective advocacy may not be adequate to explain how collective advocacy functions in much of the developing world. Using the experience of civil society organizations from India, they identify "traps" (social, economic, and political obstacles to organizing) and "tools" (strategies used to overcome such obstacles) associated with collective advocacy.