Abstract
If God brings about all that exists distinct from himself, then any entity a creature brings about is also brought about by God. Many have objected that a single effect’s being brought about by God and by a creature is either metaphysically impossible or violates epistemic norms of parsimony. W. Mathews Grant argues in this essay that both sorts of objections fail to divine causality. He then consider arguments that an agent-causal act cannot be caused (and so cannot be caused by God), showing that these arguments also fail. It has not been shown, then, that God’s universal causality and divine conservation preclude creaturely efficacy or agent-causation.